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saturated with salt

  • 1 dura

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dura

  • 2 durum

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durum

  • 3 durus

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durus

  • 4 saturare

    saturate (di with)
    * * *
    saturare v.tr.
    1 to saturate: saturare l'atmosfera, to saturate the atmosphere; saturare un liquido di sale, to saturate a liquid with salt
    2 (fig.) ( riempire al massimo) to fill, to cram; (econ.) to glut, to overstock, to overfill: saturare il mercato di un prodotto, to glut (o to overstock) the market with a product; saturare la mente di date storiche, to fill (o to cram) one's mind with historical dates.
    ◘ saturarsi v.rifl. to stuff oneself, to glut oneself: saturare di medicine, to stuff oneself with medicine
    ◆ v.intr.pron. to become* saturated: l'aria si è saturata di umidità, the air has become saturated with humidity.
    * * *
    [satu'rare]
    1. vt
    Fis Chim to saturate, (fig : riempire) to fill, stuff
    Fis Chim to become saturated, (fig : riempire) to fill, stuff
    * * *
    [satu'rare] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) chim. to saturate
    2) fig. to saturate, to glut [settore, mercato]
    2.
    verbo pronominale saturarsi to become* saturated
    * * *
    saturare
    /satu'rare/ [1]
     1 chim. to saturate
     2 fig. to saturate, to glut [settore, mercato]
    II saturarsi verbo pronominale
     to become* saturated.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > saturare

  • 5 ácido

    adj.
    acid, biting, sour, acid-forming.
    m.
    1 acid, corrosive.
    2 acid, LSD.
    * * *
    1 (sabor) sharp, tart
    2 QUÍMICA acidic
    3 (tono) harsh
    1 QUÍMICA acid
    2 argot (droga) acid, LSD
    \
    ácido acético acetic acid
    ácido carbónico carbonic acid
    ácido clorhídrico hydrochloric acid
    ácido nítrico nitric acid
    ácido sulfúrico sulphuric acid
    ácido úrico uric acid
    ————————
    1 QUÍMICA acid
    2 argot (droga) acid, LSD
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - ácida)
    adj.
    sour, acid
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [sabor, olor] sour, acid
    2)

    estar ácido — LAm * (=fabuloso) to be great *, be fabulous *

    2. SM
    1) (Quím) acid
    2) * (=droga) LSD, acid *; (=pastilla) acid tab *, LSD tab *
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    a) < sabor> acid; < fruta> acid, tart, sharp; < vino> sharp
    b) <carácter/tono> acid, caustic
    II
    a) (Quím) acid
    b) (arg) ( droga) acid (sl)
    * * *
    = acid, sour, tart [tarter -comp., tartest -sup.].
    Ex. If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour (green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.
    Ex. Throughout the book, the young are viewed with sour realism.
    Ex. Season with salt, pepper, and pinch of sugar if the plums tasted tart.
    ----
    * ácido acético = acetic acid.
    * ácido cítrico = citric acid.
    * ácido clorídrico = hydrochloric acid.
    * ácido fólico = folic acid.
    * ácido fórmico = formic acid.
    * ácido graso = fatty acid.
    * ácido graso saturado = saturated fatty acid.
    * ácido láctico = lactic acid.
    * ácido nítrico = nitric acid.
    * ácido nitroso = nitrous acid.
    * ácido sulfámico = sulphamic acid.
    * ácido sulfúrico = sulphuric acid.
    * ácido ziótico = thioctic acid.
    * aminoácido = amino acid.
    * bacteria del ácido láctico = lactic acid bacteria.
    * bajo en ácido = low-acid.
    * batería de ácido = lead acid battery.
    * batería de ácido y plomo = lead acid battery.
    * grabado al ácido = etching.
    * indigestión ácida = acid indigestion.
    * lluvia ácida = acid rain.
    * no ácido = acid-free.
    * papel ácido = acid paper.
    * resistente al ácido = acid-resistant.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    a) < sabor> acid; < fruta> acid, tart, sharp; < vino> sharp
    b) <carácter/tono> acid, caustic
    II
    a) (Quím) acid
    b) (arg) ( droga) acid (sl)
    * * *
    = acid, sour, tart [tarter -comp., tartest -sup.].

    Ex: If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour (green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.

    Ex: Throughout the book, the young are viewed with sour realism.
    Ex: Season with salt, pepper, and pinch of sugar if the plums tasted tart.
    * ácido acético = acetic acid.
    * ácido cítrico = citric acid.
    * ácido clorídrico = hydrochloric acid.
    * ácido fólico = folic acid.
    * ácido fórmico = formic acid.
    * ácido graso = fatty acid.
    * ácido graso saturado = saturated fatty acid.
    * ácido láctico = lactic acid.
    * ácido nítrico = nitric acid.
    * ácido nitroso = nitrous acid.
    * ácido sulfámico = sulphamic acid.
    * ácido sulfúrico = sulphuric acid.
    * ácido ziótico = thioctic acid.
    * aminoácido = amino acid.
    * bacteria del ácido láctico = lactic acid bacteria.
    * bajo en ácido = low-acid.
    * batería de ácido = lead acid battery.
    * batería de ácido y plomo = lead acid battery.
    * grabado al ácido = etching.
    * indigestión ácida = acid indigestion.
    * lluvia ácida = acid rain.
    * no ácido = acid-free.
    * papel ácido = acid paper.
    * resistente al ácido = acid-resistant.

    * * *
    ácido1 -da
    1 ‹sabor› acid; ‹fruta› acid, tart, sharp; ‹vino› sharp
    2 ‹carácter/tono› acid, caustic; ‹palabras› sharp, caustic
    1 ( Quím) acid
    2 ( arg) (droga) acid (sl)
    Compuestos:
    acetic acid
    acetylsalicylic acid
    ascorbic acid
    ● ácido carbólico or fénico
    carbolic acid
    carbonic acid
    hydrocyanic acid
    citric acid
    hydrochloric acid
    deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA
    lactic acid
    lysergic acid
    malic acid
    nitric acid
    nitrous acid
    nucleic acid
    oxalic acid
    prussic acid
    retinoic acid
    ribonucleic acid, RNA
    sulfuric* acid
    tannic acid
    uric acid
    * * *

    ácido 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    a) ‹ sabor› acid;

    ‹ fruta› acid, tart, sharp;
    ‹ vino› sharp
    b) ‹carácter/tono› acid, caustic

    ácido 2 sustantivo masculino
    a) (Quím) acid

    b) (arg) ( droga) acid (sl)

    ácido,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (sabor, olor) sharp, tart
    2 Quím (sustancia) acidic
    3 fig (sentido del humor, comentario, talante) harsh, sharp: escribe unos artículos muy ácidos, he writes some very harsh articles
    II m Quím acid
    ' ácido' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ácida
    - ADN
    - ARN
    - grasa
    - graso
    - potingue
    - comer
    - perforar
    - quemadura
    - quemar
    English:
    acid
    - bite
    - DNA
    - eat away
    - LSD
    - sharp
    - tart
    - sour
    * * *
    ácido, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [bebida, sabor] acid, sour
    2. Quím acidic
    3. [desabrido] caustic, acid;
    habló con tono ácido she spoke caustically o acidly
    ♦ nm
    1. Quím acid
    ácido acético acetic acid;
    ácido acetilsalicílico acetylsalicylic acid;
    ácido ascórbico ascorbic acid;
    ácido aspártico aspartic acid;
    ácido bórico boric acid;
    ácido carbónico carbonic acid;
    ácido cítrico citric acid;
    ácido clorhídrico hydrochloric acid;
    Bioquím ácido desoxirribonucleico deoxyribonucleic acid;
    ácido fénico carbolic acid;
    ácido fólico folic acid;
    ácido glutámico glutamic acid;
    ácido graso fatty acid;
    ácido láctico lactic acid;
    ácido lisérgico lysergic acid;
    ácido málico malic acid;
    ácido nítrico nitric acid;
    ácido nitroso nitrous acid;
    Bioquím ácido nucleico nucleic acid;
    ácido oxálico oxalic acid;
    ácido palmítico palmitic acid;
    ácido prúsico prussic acid;
    Bioquím ácido ribonucleico ribonucleic acid;
    ácido sulfhídrico hydrogen sulphide;
    ácido sulfúrico sulphuric acid;
    ácido úrico uric acid
    2. Fam [droga] acid
    * * *
    I adj
    1 sabor sour, sharp
    2 comentario caustic, acid
    II m acid
    * * *
    ácido, -da adj
    agrio: acid, sour
    ácido nm
    : acid
    * * *
    ácido adj n acid

    Spanish-English dictionary > ácido

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